關于離散空間定位和連續(xù)空間定位

Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) operating in the Ultra-Wideband domain are becoming more common in many applications; ranging from automated student attendance verification to tool tracking for major aircraft manufacturers. The reason that UWB is gaining in popularity is that it has many attributes that allow it to provide new capabilities that are not possible with traditional RTLS. The choice of UWB RTLS architecture will impact the ability to achieve the greatest ROI from these new capabilities.

在超寬帶域中運行的實時定位系統(tǒng)（RTLS）在許多應用中變得越來越普遍；從自動學生出勤驗證到主要飛機制造商的工具跟蹤。UWB 越來越受歡迎的原因是它具有許多屬性，使其能夠提供傳統(tǒng) RTLS 無法實現(xiàn)的新功能。UWB RTLS 架構的選擇將影響從這些新功能中實現(xiàn)最 大投資回報率的能力。

Some system architectures are designed to only provide locating in specific areas of coverage. This is a result of architecture choices that make the system too expensive for continuous coverage. Typically these architectures use discrete, multi sensor cells with inward focused antennas for each area of coverage, with each cell being a complete subsystem. For the purposes of this paper, we’ll term this discrete cell architecture. Unfortunately these architectures can add cost, complexity, and the potential for error associated with cell handoff.

一些系統(tǒng)架構被設計為僅提供定位于特定的覆蓋區(qū)域。這是由于使系統(tǒng)過于昂貴的架構選擇以實現(xiàn)持續(xù)覆蓋。通常這些架構使用具有向內聚焦天線的離散多傳感器單元對于每個覆蓋區(qū)域，每個小區(qū)都是一個完整的子系統(tǒng)。出于本文的目的，我們將這種離散單元架構稱為“分立單元架構”。不幸的是這些架構會增加成本、復雜性以及與小區(qū)切換相關的錯誤的可能性。

Discrete cell architecture can affect not only the cost of coverage, but the cost of installation. Systems built with discrete cell architecture must rely on sophisticated radio channel schemes, which increase the cost of site design and increase the complexity of post installation tuning. Although there can be some benefits, these same results can be achieved by other means without adding the complexity of additional long range radio links.

離散小區(qū)架構不僅會影響覆蓋成本，還會影響安裝成本。系統(tǒng)采用離散單元架構構建必須依賴復雜的無線電信道方案，這增加了站點設計的成本并增加了安裝后調整的復雜性。雖然可以帶來一些好處，這些相同的結果可以通過其他方式實現(xiàn)，而無需增加額外的長的復雜性范圍無線電鏈路。

Cost of Ownership can also be affected by architectural fundamentals. The addition of two way radio communication using non-UWB channels draws significantly higher power from the tag and can thwart one of the prime advantages of UWB: Ultra long battery life at very fast update rates.

擁有成本也會受到架構基礎的影響。添加使用非 UWB 通道的雙向無線電通信會顯著提高標簽的功率，并可能阻礙 UWB 的主要優(yōu)勢之一：以非?？斓母滤俾蕦崿F(xiàn)超長的電池壽命。

By choosing a system architecture that is designed to provide complete coverage over large areas and utilizes simple beacon UWB radio links, assets or people can be constantly tracked throughout an entire enterprise in a cost effective manner, over a long period of time, without interruption.

通過選擇旨在提供大面積完全覆蓋并利用簡單信標 UWB 無線電鏈路的系統(tǒng)架構，可以在很長一段時間內以經濟高效的方式不間斷地持續(xù)跟蹤整個企業(yè)的資產或人員 。

A system that is designed for continuous coverage can utilize receivers that don’t view a single direction,but look in all directions at once. This allows a single location sensor, (radio receiver) to replace 4 celltype location sensors that only have a 90 degree field of view. The result is a greatly reduced number ofsensors, and a corresponding reduction in costly cabling.

專為連續(xù)覆蓋而設計的系統(tǒng)可以利用不查看單個方向而是同時查看所有方向的接收器。這允許單個位置傳感器（無線電接收器）取代僅具有 90 度視場的 4 個單元類型位置傳感器。其結果是大大減少了傳感器的數(shù)量，并相應減少了昂貴的布線。

Additionally, it is possible to have tags that blink at a rate of once per second, but will still blink continuously for 7 years without the complexity of motion sensors and other sources of field failures. Since the update of rate of these tags is so high, a second radio to manipulate that update rate is not required. This simplifies installation, virtually eliminates post installation tweaking, and minimizes maintenance.

此外，標簽可以每秒閃爍一次，但仍會連續(xù)閃爍 7 年，而無需復雜的運動傳感器和其他現(xiàn)場故障來源。由于這些標簽的更新速率如此之高，因此不需要第二個無線電來操縱該更新速率。這簡化了安裝，幾乎消除了安裝后的調整，并最 大限度地減少了維護。